Internal Orders (CO-OM-OPA) 内部订单

CO翻译 by ErpPoint  sap ecc6.0

Purpose目的

Internal orders are normally used to plan, collect, and settle the costs of internal jobs and tasks. The SAP system enables you to monitor your internal orders throughout their entire life-cycle; from initial creation, through the planning and posting of all the actual costs, to the final settlement and archiving:

内部订单主要用，内部工作和任务的成本的计划，收集以及结帐。SAP系统支持内部订单的整个生命周期：从最初的创建，实际成本actual cost的计划以及记账，到最终的结帐以及存档。

Implementation Considerations实施要点

Order management within a company usually differentiates between sales-oriented orders, and internal orders. Sales-oriented orders (production or sales orders) are intended mainly for the logistical control of input factors and sales activities. Internal orders are categorized as either:

公司内部的账单管理通常分为面向销售的订单，和内部订单。面向销售订单（制造和销售订单）主要指输入要素和销售活动的物流管理。内部订单分类如下。

• Orders used only for monitoring objects in Cost Accounting (such as, advertising or trade fair orders)
• 仅用于监视管理会计对象（如广告订单，或者展览会订单）的订单。

• Productive orders that are value-added, that is, orders that can be capitalized (such as in-house construction of an assembly line).
• 存在附加价值的制造订单，就是，可以被资本化的订单（比如生产线的内部建设）。

Internal order management is the most detailed operational level of cost and activity accounting. It can be used for:

内部订单管理是成本核算以及作业成本核算的最详细的层次。可以用于：

• Cost monitoring, for example, where costs need to be looked at from object-related aspects, unlike in Cost Element Accounting or Cost Center Accounting
• 成本监视 ，比如，与成本要素会计和成本中心会计不一样，需要从对象相关的观点来审视成本的场合。

• Assisting decision-making, when you need to decide between in-house production and external procurement
• 决策支持，当需要决定是内部制造还是外部购买的时候。

An enterprise's internal orders can be used for different controlling purposes. For more information, see Classified by Controlling Objectives .

企业的内部订单可以用于不同的管理会计目的。参看XXX。

Features特征

• You can use master data to assign certain characteristics to your internal orders, which enables you to control which business transactions can be used with the internal order.
• 主数据 可以将特定的特性分配给内部订单，这样，可以控制使用内部订单的业务交易。

• Internal order planning enables you to roughly estimate the costs of a job before the order starts and to make an exact calculation at a later date. You can choose between various planning approaches to compare the effectiveness of different methods.
• 内部订单计划
• You can assign and manage budgets for internal orders.
• 预算

• You apply the actual costs incurred by a job to your internal orders using actual postings. In Financial Accounting, you can assign primary cost postings (such as the procurement of external activities and external deliveries) directly to internal orders.
• 实际记账

• In period-end closing you can use various different allocation methods (for example, overhead costing) to allocate costs between different areas of Cost Accounting.

期末处理 使用各种分配方法（如间接费），在管理会计的各个领域对成本进行分配。

Order settlement enables you to transfer the costs incurred by an order to the appropriate receivers.

账单结帐

• The information system for internal orders enables you to track planned and assigned costs on your orders in each stage of the order life-cycle.
• 内部订单信息系统
• You can archive internal orders that you no longer require. See Archiving.
• 存档